Fig. 5.

Reduced levels of pFOXO1 after carbohydrate intervention. a Immunohistochemistry of pFOXO1 in pancreatic sections of NZO mice after a diet change from a carbohydrate-free (−CH) to a carbohydrate-containing diet (+CH). Sections embedded in paraffin at the indicated day were stained with haematoxylin and anti-pFOXO1 and subsequently developed with DAB as described in Methods. Bars: 50 μm. b Western blot analysis of lysates of isolated islets from carbohydrate-free fed NZO mice after in vitro incubation with the indicated glucose concentrations in the absence or presence of 0.3 mmol/l palmitate. c, d Quantification of western blot products of lysates from three independent experiments as shown in b. c Ratio of pFOXO1/total FOXO1 and d ratio of pAKT/total AKT. Values represent mean±SEM; *p ≤ 0.05, ^† p = 0.06 for absence (white bars) vs presence (black bars) of 0.3 mmol/l palmitate at the indicated glucose concentration