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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 6.
Published in final edited form as: Evol Dev. 2009 Sep–Oct;11(5):560–573. doi: 10.1111/j.1525-142X.2009.00362.x

Table 1. Summary of vasa mRNA and protein expression characteristics during echinoderm embryogenesis.

species class cleavage pattern vasa mRNA enrichment Vasa protein enrichment

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus cleavage: uniform blastula: uniform/vegetal plate gastrula: small micromeres larva: coelomic pouches (Juliano et al., 2006) micromeres/small micromeres, larval coelomic pouches (Voronina et al., 2008)
Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis not determined micromeres/small micromeres, larval coelomic pouches (Fig. 3 and supporting information Fig. S2)
Lytechinus variegatus Echinoidea (Euechinoids: sea urchins and sand dollars) Unequal divisions: micromeres and small micromeres cleavage: undetectable blastula: vegetal plate gastrula: gut larva: coelomic pouches (Fig. 3) micromeres/small micromeres (Fig. 3) larval coelomic pouches (data not shown)

Heliocidaris tuberculata not determined micromeres/small micromeres, larval coelomic pouches (supporting information Fig. S3)

Arbacia punctulata not determined uniform through embryogenesis, then enriched in larval coelomic pouches (Fig. 3 and supporting information Fig. S4)
Echinarachnius parma not determined micromeres/small micromeres, larval coelomic pouches (Fig. 4)

Mellita quinquiesperforata not determined uniform through embryogenesis, then enriched in larval coelomic pouches (Fig. 3 and supporting information Fig. S5)

Eucidaris tribuloides Echinoidea (Cidaroids: pencil urchins) Unequal divisions: micromeres cleavage: unknown blastula: vegetal plate gastrula: gut larva: coelomic pouches (Fig. 5) uniform through embryogenesis, then enriched in larval coelomic pouches (Fig. 5)

Asterina miniata Asteroidea (sea stars) Equal divisions cleavage: uniform blastula: uniform/vegetal plate gastrula: gut outpocket larva: posterior enterocoel (Fig. 6) uniform through embryogenesis, then enriched in larval posterior enterocoel (Fig. 7, supporting information Fig. S6)
Asterias forbesii cleavage: unknown blastula: vegetal plate gastrula: gut/archenteron tip larva: pouches and PE (Fig. 6) not determined