Calretinin (CalR) immunoreactivity in the cortex of control (CTRL) (A, C) and positive pressure ventilation (PPV)-treated (B, D) preterm baboons at 140 days gestation. (A, B) Rostral visual cortex at the transitional level (arrow) between area 17 and area 18. In A, note the high density of mostly radially oriented bipolar CalR+ neurons in layers II-III and the dense positive fiber fields in layer IV (area 18) and layer IVc (area17). The CalR+ cells are less dense in B. (C, D) Superficial layers (I-II-III) of the cingulate cortex: no difference in density is detected between CRTL (C) and PPV-treated (D) animals. Scale bars: A, B: 200 μm, C, D: 60 μm.