Table 2.

Pay-for-Performance (P4P) Participation, Initial Performance and Hospital Process Compliance, Early Reporters Only: Fiscal Years 2003–2005

	Heart Attack		Heart Failure		Pneumonia
	Easy	Hard	Easy	Hard	Easy	Hard
P4P	0.93*	0.44	3.12	−0.44	0.05	1.04
	(0.36)	(1.48)	(2.68)	(0.90)	(0.21)	(0.72)
Quintile 1	−5.64**	−7.93**	−20.37**	−7.15**	−0.61**	−10.25**
	(0.35)	(1.00)	(1.36)	(0.49)	(0.17)	(0.60)
Quintile 2	−1.65**	−2.78**	−9.76**	−1.85**	−0.18	−4.48**
	(0.26)	(0.91)	(1.29)	(0.37)	(0.12)	(0.53)
Quintile 4	1.72**	2.51**	5.15**	2.01**	0.21*	4.11**
	(0.19)	(0.86)	(1.46)	(0.41)	(0.09)	(0.49)
Quintile 5	2.96**	7.07**	14.11**	4.69**	0.27**	10.32**
	(0.20)	(0.80)	(1.37)	(0.36)	(0.09)	(0.53)
P4P × Quintile 1	0.04	−2.07	2.82	2.4	0.31	1.04
	(0.78)	(2.46)	(3.62)	(1.30)	(0.27)	(1.47)
P4P × Quintile 2	−1.09	−0.01	−1.6	1.52	−0.2	0.73
	(0.62)	(2.01)	(3.69)	(1.12)	(0.32)	(1.09)
P4P × Quintile 4	−0.89*	−0.53	0.42	−0.32	−0.12	−1.1
	(0.41)	(1.58)	(3.26)	(1.01)	(0.18)	(1.08)
P4P × Quintile 5	−0.45	0.25	2.33	0.74	−0.06	−1.14
	(0.39)	(1.53)	(3.09)	(0.98)	(0.18)	(0.99)
Year 2	1.69**	4.20**	8.31**	4.43**	0.64**	8.46**
	(0.15)	(0.61)	(0.67)	(0.26)	(0.08)	(0.28)
Year 3	3.02**	6.73**	19.03**	6.66**	0.95**	15.46**
	(0.19)	(0.65)	(0.85)	(0.30)	(0.09)	(0.34)
P4P × Year 2	−0.1	0.55	0.84	0.35	0.1	2.24**
	(0.33)	(1.45)	(1.69)	(0.56)	(0.18)	(0.66)
P4P × Year 3	0.21	2.11	0.07	0.59	−0.04	2.21**
	(0.40)	(1.51)	(2.13)	(0.62)	(0.19)	(0.81)
Teaching hospital	0.69**	−0.45	−2.70**	1.19**	0.26**	−0.1
	(0.16)	(0.55)	(0.98)	(0.27)	(0.08)	(0.35)
% Admissions Medicare	0.0002	−0.01	0.13**	−0.02	−0.006	0.10**
	(0.007)	(0.02)	(0.04)	(0.01)	(0.003)	(0.01)
RN per admissions	0.17	0.15	0.38	0.30	0.04	−0.21
	(0.09)	(0.33)	(0.59)	(0.16)	(0.04)	(0.20)
R2	0.49	0.08	0.42	0.32	0.09	0.69

Notes. Robust standard errors in parentheses. 987 hospitals engaged in some form of voluntary public reporting prior in 2003.

^*Significant at 5%.

^**Significant at 1%.

RN, registered nurses.