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Pathophysiological events characteristic of the chronic phase of bilateral and unilateral stenotic renal disease. In both cases, the hypoxia created by a substantially diminished renal blood flow and the hypertensive response are the dominant damaging mechanisms (see text). RAS, renin-angiotensin system. TPR, total peripheral resistance. P-D, pressure diuresis. EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
