Table 2.
Adjusted mean scores (standardized to mean = 100) and standard errors by SES at baseline, 3-, and 9-year assessments, and significance of model parameters
| Time (year) | Withdrawn | Anxious/depressed | Somatic complaints | Delinquent behavior | Aggressive behavior | Thought problems | Attention problems | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SES | ||||||||
| Low | 0 | 100.92 (0.66) | 100.56 (0.65) | 100.06 (0.63) | 99.80 (0.58) | 101.33 (0.64) | 99.66 (0.54) | 100.88 (0.65) |
| Medium | 0 | 99.14 (0.53) | 99.46 (0.50) | 99.35 (0.49) | 98.12 (0.45) | 99.32 (0.50) | 98.48 (0.42) | 99.25 (0.51) |
| High | 0 | 99.63 (0.80) | 99.98 (0.79) | 99.41 (0.76) | 97.93 (0.71) | 98.42 (0.78) | 97.35 (0.66) | 97.71 (0.79) |
| Low | 3 | 100.77 (0.68) | 100.08 (0.69) | 100.20 (0.69) | 99.91 (0.64) | 99.37 (0.64) | 99.38 (0.60) | 99.53 (0.66) |
| Medium | 3 | 99.14 (0.53) | 99.62 (0.54) | 99.92 (0.54) | 98.80 (0.50) | 98.55 (0.50) | 99.12 (0.47) | 98.89 (0.51) |
| High | 3 | 100.52 (0.82) | 100.01 (0.84) | 100.26 (0.84) | 98.09 (0.77) | 97.25 (0.78) | 97.93 (0.73) | 97.99 (0.80) |
| Low | 9 | 100.54 (0.65) | 100.86 (0.69) | 100.49 (0.66) | 99.22 (0.68) | 100.96 (0.67) | 100.50 (0.67) | 100.64 (0.70) |
| Medium | 9 | 99.05 (0.51) | 99.65 (0.54) | 99.49 (0.51) | 100.11 (0.53) | 99.74 (0.52) | 99.26 (0.52) | 100.97 (0.54) |
| High | 9 | 96.91 (0.79) | 98.70 (0.84) | 97.99 (0.80) | 99.95 (0.82) | 97.45 (0.82) | 96.94 (0.81) | 98.34 (0.85) |
| P | P | P | P | P | P | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model parameters | |||||||
| SES | 0.02a | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.39 | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.02a |
| Country | 0.08 | 0.36 | 0.14 | 0.57 | 0.04a | 0.67 | 0.53 |
| Sex | 0.09 | 0.0006 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.84 | <0.0001 |
| Age | 0.28 | 0.008a | 0.39 | 0.09 | <0.0001 | 0.07 | 0.0004 |
| Time*SES | 0.009 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.30 | 0.46 | 0.10 |
| Country*SES | 0.88 | 0.95 | 0.11 | 0.68 | 0.77 | 0.75 | 0.47 |
| Country*time | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.71 | 0.42 | 0.64 | 0.66 |
| Time*country*SES | 0.96 | 0.77 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 0.46 | 0.41 | 0.82 |
Unstructured covariance matrix; random intercept and random slope; three time points: baseline, after 3 and 9 years. Age in two groups: 8–11 and 12–16 at baseline. N = 1,541, observations: 4,623. SES socioeconomic status
aWhen corrected for number of comparisons [20], these effects were most likely to be significant by chance