Table 2.
Heart rate (bpm) | 623 ± 71* | 569 ± 43 | 545 ± 40 | 566 ± 35 |
Ves (uL) | 10.9 ± 5.1ψ | 16.5 ± 6.2∆ | 9.0 ± 3.1ψ | 18.0 ± 4.6∆ |
Ved (uL) | 30.7 ± 9.1 | 31.8 ± 7.2ψ | 25.8 ± 7.1∆ | 30.0 ± 9.9 |
Pes (mmHg) | 69.5 ± 9.9 | 76.8 ± 8.2 | 71.9 ± 8.0 | 84.2 ± 13.6* |
Ped (mmHg) | 1.2 ± 1.7 | 1.9 ± 2.0 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 2.9 ± 2.9 |
Pmax (mmHg) | 90 ± 5ψ | 84 ± 6∆ | 88 ± 7 | 89 ± 11 |
EF (%) | 70.4 ± 11.2∆ | 55.9 ± 13.4ψ | 71.8 ± 9.2∆ | 47.8 ± 5.7ψ |
Cardiac output (uL/min) | 14038 ± 4530* | 10405 ± 2683 | 10438 ± 3251 | 8466 ± 3013 |
dP/dtmax (mmHg/s) | 11746 ± 2105* | 7162 ± 1563 | 9420 ± 2268 | 7760 ± 1581 |
dP/dtmin (mmHg/s) | −7738 ± 2098 | −7948 ± 1242 | −8204 ± 1458 | −8547 ± 1464 |
Tau | 4.1 ± 0.7ψ | 5.2 ± 0.9∆ | 4.5 ± 0.7ψ | 5.2 ± 0.8∆ |
Arterial elastance (Ea) (mmHg/μL) | 3.4 ± 1.2 | 4.4 ± 1.2 | 4.1 ± 1.1 | 6.2 ± 1.9* |
Ees | 9.5 ± 5.0 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 8.4 ± 3.8 | 8.2 ± 2.9 |
EDPVR (mmHg/μL) | 0.265 ± 0.082 | 0.218 ± 0.074 | 0.316 ± 0.079 | 0.415 ± 0.159* |
Preload recruitable stroke work (PRSW) (mmHg) | 92 ± 22 | 88 ± 21 | 94 ± 25 | 82 ± 23 |
Efficiency (SW/PVA) | 0.78 ± 0.054 | 0.70 ± 0.08 | 0.70 ± 0.13 | 0.60 ± 0.11* |