Fig. 2.

A PPARδ-specific agonist and unsaturated fatty acids activate a PPAR-responsive reporter in synergy with RXRα in INS-1E cells. INS-1E cells were transfected with the 3xACO-PPRE luciferase reporter construct and incubated in RPMI (11 mM glucose) for 24 h with DMSO, PPAR subtype-specific agonists, or fatty acids in the presence or absence of the RXRα agonist LG100268 (0.2 μM). A: The specific PPAR agonists used were for PPARα, WY14.643 (30 μM); for PPARγ, BRL49653 (1 μM); and for PPARδ, L165041 (1 μM). B: The fatty acids used were oleic acid (100 μM), γ-linolenic acid (100 μM), or palmitic acid (100 μM). Luciferase activities were measured and presented relative to DMSO control. Transfections were performed in triplicate, and standard deviations are indicated. Results are representative of three independent experiments, and P values were calculated using two-way ANOVA. Addition of LG100268 differs from corresponding DMSO control (*P < 0.05).