Table 5.

Population-based studies measuring QOS, daytime functioning, and QOL in patients with insomnia

Study reference	Patient population	Baseline insomnia diagnosis/assessment	QOS and QOL scales used	QOS and QOL outcomes
20	Women aged 70–75 years (n = 10,430)	Nottingham health profiles 5-item sleep subscale	SF-36	63% of the cohort reported ≥1 items related to sleeping difficulties. Sleeping impairment was negatively related to physical functioning, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, and general mental health domains (P < 0.0001)
74	Chronic illness (n = 3445)	MOS SF-36	SF-36	Mild to severe insomnia was reported in 50% of patients. Insomnia was independently associated with impaired HR-QOL, which was diminished across all SF-36domains, particularly mental and general health perceptions, and vitality
75	Population-based cohort (n = 953)	DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10, ISI, PSQI, utilization of sleep-promoting medications	SF-12 Health survey	47.4% of the cohort had insomnia syndrome or insomnia symptoms. Patients with insomnia syndrome have a poorer HR-QOL across all SF-12 domains than patients with insomnia symptoms without impaired daytime functioning who have a worse HR-QOL than good sleepers
76	Older adults (n = 2800)	Questionnaire: difficulty getting to sleep, waking up at night, difficulty getting back to sleep, and repeated night waking	SF-36	49% of the cohort reported ≥1 insomnia trait. Mental and physical SF-36 scores significantly decreased (P = 0.0001) as the number of insomnia traits increased

Abbreviations: QOS, quality of sleep; QOL, quality of life; MOS SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form; DSM-IV-TR, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.