Table 1.
Patient Characteristics | 20–29 Yr (n=21) | 30–39 Yr (n=15) | 40–49 Yr (n=31) | 50–59 Yr (n=16) | 60–69 Yr (n=14) | ≥70 Yr (n=14) | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender, female/male | 10/11 | 6/9 | 16/15 | 9/7 | 10/4 | 6/8 | 0.60 |
Height, cm | 172±7 | 172±9 | 172±8 | 168±8 | 164±7 | 166±10 | 0.02 |
Weight, kg | 73±16 | 75±15 | 82±19 | 76±13 | 73±16 | 76±17 | 0.36 |
BMI | 25±5 | 25±5 | 28±7 | 27±4 | 27±5 | 27±4 | 0.29 |
Heart rate, bpm | 64±9 | 68±9 | 67±12 | 61±8 | 64±10 | 60±13 | 0.17 |
Carotid IMT, mm | 0.41±0.07 | 0.47±0.08 | 0.60±0.15 | 0.70±0.15 | 0.87±0.25 | 0.84±0.15 | <0.0001 |
AIx, % | –10±15 | –4±15 | 16±18 | 31±9 | 26±9 | 32±13 | <0.0001 |
Augmented pressure, mm Hg | –3.73±6.1 | –1.30±5.1 | 6.0±7.3 | 13.9±6.6 | 14.3±7.7 | 17.1±6.1 | <0.0001 |
Brachial pressures, mm Hg | |||||||
SBP | 109±9 | 113±12 | 122±16 | 134±20 | 143±21 | 135±13 | <0.0001 |
DBP | 62±6 | 68±11 | 76±11 | 79±10 | 77±11 | 69±9 | <0.0001 |
PP | 48±7 | 46±3 | 46±8 | 55±11 | 66±15 | 66±10 | <0.0001 |
Central pressures, mm Hg | |||||||
SBP | 94±10 | 100±14 | 113±16 | 126±20 | 134±24 | 129±12 | <0.0001 |
DBP | 59±7 | 66±12 | 75±11 | 77±11 | 75±12 | 69±10 | <0.0001 |
PP | 35±6 | 33±4 | 38±9 | 49±12 | 59±18 | 60±11 | <0.0001 |
Carotid distensibility, kPa–1 · 10–3 | 12.6±3.9 | 11.6±3.6 | 8.7±2.2 | 6.8±2.4 | 5.6±2.9 | 5.3±1.6 | <0.0001 |
Ascending aorta | |||||||
Diameter, mm | 27.5±2.7 | 27.8±3.1 | 31.1±3.1 | 32.9±4.1 | 34.3±2.7 | 33.7±3.8 | <0.0001 |
Strain, % | 33±10 | 27±10 | 15±8 | 11±4 | 9±4 | 8±4 | <0.0001 |
Distensibility, kPa–1 · 10–3 | 74±23 | 61±23 | 31±18 | 18±7 | 12±7 | 10±6 | <0.0001 |
Descending aorta | |||||||
Diameter, mm | 20.5±1.6 | 21.1±2.7 | 23.5±2.4 | 24.1±2.6 | 24.7±1.8 | 24.7±2.5 | <0.0001 |
Strain, % | 33±8 | 31±12 | 19±9 | 18±9 | 13±5 | 14±7 | <0.0001 |
Distensibility, kPa–1 · 10–3 | 72±18 | 70±24 | 38±17 | 29±13 | 18±8 | 17±6 | <0.0001 |
Aortic arch PWV, m/sec | 3.5±0.5 | 3.9±1.1 | 5.6±1.4 | 7.2±2.3 | 9.7±2.9 | 11.1±4.6 | <0.0001 |
cfPWV, m/sec | 6.2±0.7 | 6.7±1.0 | 8.8±1.9 | 9.5±1.8 | 12.8±3.9 | 13.8±5.3 | <0.0001 |