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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Rural Health. 2010 Summer;26(2):175–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2010.00279.x

Table 1.

Maternal Demographic and Pregnancy Characteristics in Rural Areas by Degree of Urban Influence and in Urban Areas, for First Nations and Non-First Nations Births to Manitoba Residents, Canada 1991–2000

Characteristics Rural by Urban Influence*
 Urban P Value in Tests for Differences
No Weak Moderate/Strong
First Nations
 All births, N 5,507 8,623 1,899 9,114
 Male sex, % 51.2 51.2 49.5 51.3 .57
 Multiple birth, % 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.9 .28
 Primiparae, % 27.1 28.5 30.7 30.2 .0001
 Unmarried, % 63.5 71.1 72.9 83.8 <.0001
 Maternal age, % .02
  <20 y 25.6 24.8 23.0 23.3
  20–34 y 70.1 70.4 72.3 71.8
  ≥35 y 4.3 4.7 4.7 4.9
Non-First Nations
 All births, N 2,958 17,862 18,534 86,375
 Male sex, % 50.0 51.9 51.5 51.3 .1681
 Multiple birth, % 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 .3343
 Primiparae, % 31.8 35.9 38.4 46.0 <.0001
 Unmarried, % 30.8 24.2 18.3 26.9 <.0001
 Maternal age, % <.0001
  <20 y 10.9 8.8 6.4 7.0
  20–34 y 80.5 83.0 84.0 80.4
  ≥35 y 8.6 8.3 9.7 12.6
*

Urban influence was determined according to work force commuting flows between rural areas and urban centers.