Table 3.

Crude and Adjusted OR of Birth Outcomes and Infant Mortality for Rural Areas by Degree of Urban Influence as Compared to Urban Areas, for First Nations and Non-First Nations Births to Residents of Manitoba 1991–2000

	Rural, No Urban Influence Crude OR, Adjusted OR†(95% CI)	Rural, Weak Urban Influence Crude OR, Adjusted OR† (95% CI)	Rural, Moderate/Strong Urban Influence Crude OR, Adjusted OR† (95% CI)
First Nations
Preterm birth	0.82, 0.81 (0.72, 0.92)*	0.83, 0.82 (0.74, 0.92)*	0.86, 0.88 (0.73, 1.06)
SGA birth	0.79, 0.84 (0.74, 0.95)*	0.82, 0.85 (0.76, 0.94)*	0.83, 0.86 (0.71, 1.03)
Low birth weight	0.78, 0.80 (0.68, 0.93)*	0.74, 0.73 (0.64, 0.84)*	0.82, 0.86 (0.68, 1.08)
High birth weight	0.99, 0.93 (0.85, 1.02)	1.08, 1.05 (0.97, 1.13)	1.20, 1.16 (1.03, 1.32)*
LGA birth	1.08, 1.00 (0.91, 1.09)	1.09, 1.05 (0.97, 1.13)	1.19, 1.15 (1.01, 1.30)*
Neonatal death	1.55, 1.60 (0.94, 2.72)	1.06, 1.05 (0.63, 1.77)	0.96, 0.99 (0.41, 2.39)
Postneonatal death	0.90, 1.00 (0.64, 1.56)	1.02, 1.09 (0.75, 1.59)	0.76, 0.81 (0.40, 1.64)
Infant death	1.12, 1.21 (0.86, 1.70)	1.03, 1.07 (0.79, 1.46)	1.21, 0.87 (0.50, 1.51)
Non-First Nations
Preterm birth	0.89, 0.92 (0.79, 1.06)	0.80, 0.83 (0.78, 0.89)*	0.83, 0.86 (0.80, 0.92)*
SGA birth	0.81, 0.85 (0.75, 0.97)*	0.78, 0.82 (0.78, 0.87)*	0.79, 0.84 (0.79, 0.89)*
Low birth weight	0.92, 0.95 (0.80, 1.13)	0.87, 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)*	0.83, 0.88 (0.82, 0.95)*
High birth weight	1.54, 1.48 (1.35, 1.63)*	1.39, 1.34 (1.28, 1.40)*	1.23, 1.18 (1.12, 1.23)*
LGA birth	1.48, 1.40 (1.26, 1.55)*	1.25, 1.19 (1.14, 1.25)*	1.17, 1.12 (1.06, 1.17)*
Neonatal death	1.26, 1.28 (0.70, 2.34)	1.42, 1.44 (1.11, 1.87)*	1.35, 1.41 (1.09, 1.84)*
Postneonatal death	2.33, 2.03 (1.09, 3.76)*	1.16, 1.08 (0.73, 1.59)	1.01, 1.04 (0.69, 1.55)

^*P <.05.

^†The adjusted ORs were controlled for maternal age (<20, 20–34, 35+), marital status (married, not married), parity (primiparous or not), infant gender, plurality (singleton or multiple), using births to urban residents as the reference group.