Figure 2.

Chronology of Human mtDNA Haplogroup B4, with a Focus on the Austronesian-Specific B4a1a Clade

Branch lengths were estimated via maximum likelihood (ML) and a time-dependent molecular clock obtained from four ML trees, with data from different regions within B4a1a (overall data, Taiwan, ISEA, and Bismarck Archipelago only). ISEA denotes Island Southeast Asia; PM denotes Polynesian motif.