Table 2.
Comparisons Among Four-Class Solution Using Chi-Square and analysis of variance (ANOVA; N = 432)
| Covariates | Class 1 (Attentive/ Non-hyperactive, N = 309) %, M (SD) | Class 2 (Inattentive/ Non-hyperactive, N = 50) %, M (SD) | Class 3 (Attentive/ Hyperactive, N = 32) %, M (SD) | Class 4 (Inattentive/ Hyperactive, N = 41) %, M (SD) | χ2 | F | p Value | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 51.8 | 28.0 | 43.8 | 22.0 | 20.29 | <.001 | ||
| Male | 48.2 | 72.0 | 56.3 | 78.0 | ||||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| African American | 36.9 | 30.0 | 40.6 | 41.5 | 5.53 | n.s. | ||
| Asian/Native American | 2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.4 | ||||
| Caucasian | 13.3 | 18.0 | 18.8 | 17.1 | ||||
| Hispanic | 47.6 | 52.0 | 40.6 | 39.0 | ||||
| ICU total score | 51.44 (6.61) | 59.64 (9.25) | 56.43 (7.51) | 62.98 (10.97) | 41.88acdf | <.001 | 0.23 | |
| ICU callousness | 24.86 (3.79) | 27.95 (4.96) | 29.14 (4.82) | 32.54 (6.87) | 45.53abcd | <.001 | 0.24 | |
| ICU uncaring | 12.82 (2.90) | 16.83 (3.35) | 15.68 (3.16) | 17.93 (3.56) | 55.81acdf | <.001 | 0.28 | |
| ICU unemotional | 13.75 (2.40) | 14.86 (3.57) | 12.51 (3.83) | 11.61 (3.04) | 11.44bcde | <.001 | 0.07 | |
| YPI total score | 117.33 (17.07) | 120.96 (18.70) | 123.36 (15.84) | 131.31 (21.57) | 8.30de | <.001 | 0.06 | |
| YPI affective | 28.90 (5.22) | 30.56 (4.82) | 32.07 (6.08) | 29.42 (5.55) | 5.19d | .002 | 0.04 | |
| YPI interpersonal | 43.62 (8.27) | 43.69 (9.48) | 45.93 (7.32) | 47.75 (10.38) | 3.30d | .02 | 0.02 | |
| YPI behavioral | 35.48 (7.18) | 37.16 (7.06) | 38.24 (6.47) | 41.55 (7.47) | 9.69de | <.001 | 0.06 | |
| K-BIT IQ | 96.76 (14.25) | 91.89 (12.15) | 97.03 (12.72) | 93.81 (13.82) | 1.99 | ns | 0.02 | |
| GRADE | 90.89 (11.03) | 83.47 (9.09) | 87.19 (10.60) | 81.92 (10.61) | 13.80ad | <.001 | 0.09 | |
| TAKS | 2,174.98 (194.0) | 2,051.97 (149.0) | 2,140.09 (185.4) | 1,998.33 (155.4) | 5.39adf | <.001 | 0.10 | |
| TOSRE standard score | 90.57 (14.48) | 82.62 (12.91) | 91.28 (14.87) | 79.67 (16.46) | 10.22adf | <.001 | 0.07 | |
Note. GRADE = Group Reading Assessment and Diagnostic Evaluation; ICU = Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits; YPI = Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory; TAKS = Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills.
*
Other includes White, Latino/Hispanic, Native American, and Asian. Post hoc comparisons (Bonferroni and Games-Howell) conducted for all ANOVAs:
a
Classes 1 and 2 are different;
b
Classes 2 and 3 are different;
c
Classes 1 and 3 are different;
d
Classes 1 and 4 are different;
e
Classes 2 and 4 are different;
f
Classes 3 and 4 are different;
K-BIT IQ = Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2; TOSRE =Test of Sentence Reading Efficiency;