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Case illustration of recognized dural tear (case No. 9). An 18-year-old female patient underwent transforaminal percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) for right-sided disc herniation at the L4-5 level (a). A dural tear and nerve root exposure were detected intraoperatively. The procedure was stopped and open repair was performed. On the operative finding, the nerve root was popped out (arrows) and entrapped though the dural defect (b)
