Figure 10.

(A) A 46-year-old man presented with a 3-week-old thrombosed immature left radiocephalic fistula. Sequential balloon dilation of the cephalic vein was performed using 2, 3, and 4 mm balloons. The balloon was punctured for retrograde access and the radial artery and anastomosis were dilated with a 2 mm balloon. (B) Flow was reestablished and the fistula became functional. However, 4 months later, there was a decreased thrill on exam and angiography demonstrated a swing point stenosis. (C) Following 6 mm angioplasty, there was resolution of the venous narrowing.