Table 6.
Evaluation of insulin sensitivity with the insulin resistance indexes
| Subjects | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin resistance indexes |
Control (n = 208) group A |
MS without T2DM (n = 174) group B |
T2DM without MS (n = 171) group C |
T2DM with MS (n = 256) group D |
F-test; P-value (A vs. B vs. C vs. D) |
| HOMA-IR index | 2.546 (2.317, 2.779) ) | 5.038 (4.334, 5.923) | 5.066 (4.367, 5.968) | 8.706 (7.476, 10.183) | 26.447; 2.55 × 10-16 |
| B***, C***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, B***, C*** | ||
| QUICKI | 0.346 (0.342, 0.351) | 0.317 (0.313, 0.320) | 0.319 (0.314, 0.324) | 0.296 (0.293, 0.299) | 103.892; 7.62 × 10-57 |
| B***, C***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, B***, C*** | ||
| Bennett index | 0.309 (0.293, 0.327) | 0.228 (0.220, 0.237) | 0.240 (0.224, 0.257) | 0.181 (0.175, 0.186) | 76.614; 1.38 × 10-43 |
| B***, C***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, D*** | A***, B***, C*** | ||
| McAuley (1) index | 7.235 (7.009, 7.474) | 5.305 (5.151, 5.475) | 7.095 (6.845, 7.375) | 5.347 (5.187, 5.518) | 105.878; 9.02 × 10-58 |
| B***, D*** | A***, C*** | B***, D*** | A***, C*** | ||
| McAuley (2) index | 7.447 (7.227, 7.664) | 5.496 (5.326, 5.651) | 7.331 (7.103, 7.580) | 5.486 (5.336, 5.627) | 120.944; 1.20 × 10-64 |
| B***, D*** | A***, C*** | B***, D*** | A***, C*** | ||
| IRAR index | 3.401 (3.265, 3.538) | 4.132 (3.955, 4.305) | 4.604 (4.403, 4.791) | 5.455 (5.305, 5.612) | 117.190; 5.84 × 10-63 |
| B***, C***, D*** | A***, C**, D*** | A***, B**, D*** | A***, B***, C*** | ||
Data are expressed as mean (95% confident interval). ANCOVA test was used, followed by pairwise comparison using 1,000 stratified bootstrap samples with bias corrected and accelerated (BCa) 95% CI for multiple testing bias corrections due to deviation of normality. The p-value was also adjusted for covariate ages with stratified ethnicity. The location of statistically significant differences are displayed as group's name (A, B, C, or D). Significant levels: P* < 0.05, P** < 0.01, P*** < 0.001. Note: T2DM = type 2 diabetes; MS = metabolic syndrome; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; QUICKI = quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, IRAR = insulin resistance (adiponectin-resistin).