Table 1.

Hemodynamics and model parameters in control subjects and PAH patients

Group	1	2a	2b
Parameter	Controls (n = 11)	PAH (n = 19)	PAH (n = 79)
Systolic PA pressure (P sys), mmHg	32 ± 6	86 ± 18*	81 ± 22*
Diastolic PA pressure (P dia), mmHg	13 ± 4	36 ± 9*	30 ± 10*
Mean PA pressure (P mean), mmHg	21 ± 4	55 ± 11*	50 ± 13*
Ratio K sys (P sys/P mean)	1.52 ± 0.15	1.57 ± 0.13	1.59 ± 0.16
Ratio K dia (P dia/P mean)	0.58 ± 0.10	0.65 ± 0.07	0.59 ± 0.09
Characteristic impedance (Z 0), mmHg s/mL	0.05 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.05*	Not determined
Peripheral resistance (R p), mmHg s/mL	0.30 ± 0.08	0.90 ± 0.37*	Not determined
Total vascular resistance (R T), mmHg s/mL	0.32 ± 0.09	1.01 ± 0.39*	Not determined
Arterial compliance (C a), mL/mmHg	5.85 ± 2.71	0.98 ± 0.53 *	Not determined
Inverse arterial compliance (1/C a), mmHg/mL	0.35 ± 0.13	1.37 ± 0.77*	Not determined
R T C a-time, s	0.82 ± 0.24	0.76 ± 0.29	Not determined
End-systolic elastance (E es), mL/mmHg	0.44 ± 0.41	1.51 ± 0.87*	Not determined
End-diastolic elastance (E ed), mL/mmHg	0.01 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.06	Not determined
Intercept volume (V 0), mL	−50 ± 106	71 ± 87*	Not determined
Time to reach E es (t es), s	0.33 ± 0.04	0.35 ± 0.07	Not determined
Heart rate (HR), beats/min	77 ± 13	83 ± 15	80 ± 16
Filling pressure (P v), mmHg	6.5 ± 7.0	7.9 ± 6.0*	Not determined
End-diastolic volume (V ed), mL	103 ± 64	173 ± 63*	Not determined
Peak isovolumic pressure (P max), mmHg	48 ± 14	124 ± 47*	Not determined
Stroke volume (V s), mL	68 ± 17	46 ± 18*	Not determined

Values are mean ± SD. Group 1 consists of non-PH patients and served as the control group (see text). Group 2a consists of PAH patients in whom all model parameters were estimated for comparison with control values (i.e. to obtain the physiological variation). Group 2b consists of PH patients who were included to increase the total number of patients to compare individual hemodynamical measurements

* Significantly different compared to control subjects (p < 0.05)