Brain |
Induces feeling of satiety |
|
Reduces food intake |
Gastro intestinal tract |
Delays gastric emptying |
|
Delays food absorption |
Pancreas |
Stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion |
|
Suppresses glucagon secretion |
|
Increases beta-cell sensitivity |
|
Increases beta-cell mass (animal studies only) |
Liver |
Decreases hepatic glucose output because of reduced glucagon secretion |
Fat/muscle |
Stimulates glucose uptake |
Heart |
Increases myocardial protection |
|
Improves endothelial function |
|
Decreases blood pressure |
|
Improves left ventricular function |