Table 1.

Clinical information and agreement between invasive language mapping and fMRI results of brain tumor patients

No.	Gender/ age	EHI	Diagnosis	Tumor location/ size (cm3)	Language		Impression of language from intra-operative language mapping and clinical findings	Clinical findings more consistent with
					Pre-op	Post-op		BL	ER
1▴	M/43	65	Ganglioglioma WHO grade I–II	Left temporal/2.91	Normal	Normal	Left hemisphere dominance for language	√	√
2*	F/55	100	Metastatic adenocarcinoma	Left temporal/7.58	Normal	Normal	Left hemisphere involvement of language		√
3*	F/30	100	Glioblastoma WHO grade IV	Left temporal/38.42	Speech difficulty	Better	Tumor surrounding areas involvement of language		√
4	M/43	−100	Glioblastoma WHO grade IV	Right temporal/40.83	Normal	Normal	No language areas in the region of lesion		√
5*	M/50	100	Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma WHO grade III	Left temporal/7.27	Occasional word-finding difficulty	Occasional word-finding difficulty → normal	Language areas were in the left hemisphere, and posterior to lesion		√
6*	F/66	100	Metastatic adenocarcinoma	Left parietal/1.67 left temporal/0.20	Normal	Normal	No critical language areas immediately adjacent to lesion	√	√
7	M/35	100	Oligoastrocytoma WHO grade II	Left frontal/19.62	Normal	Normal	N/A	N/A	N/A
8*	F/57	100	Glioblastoma WHO grade IV	Left temporal/8.59	Speech difficulty	N/A	No critical language areas in the region of lesion	√	√

EHI: Edinburgh Handiness Inventory; positive EHI indicates right-handedness, negative EHI indicates left-handedness. BL: blocked design; ER: rapid event-related design.

^▴Patient #1 had Wada test, which indicated left lateralization for language function.

^*Patients #2, #3, #5, #6, and #8 had intra-operative ECS testing.