Figure 3.

Primary neurons from mice pretreated with SS31 and then with picloram (B) and triclopyr (C). The neurons exhibited intact projections/network, similar to those in the untreated neurons (A). Image a shows primary cortical neurons and photographs taken with a phase-contrast microscope at 20x the original magnification. Image b shows immunofluorescence analysis of the beta III tubulin antibody in primary hippocampal neurons pretreated with 1 nM SS31 and then treated with 5 mM picloram (B) and 3 mM triclopyr (C). Pretreatment with SS31 prevented neuronal damage caused by picloram and triclopyr. Photographs were taken using a fluorescence microscope at 100x the original magnification. Green arrows indicate intact/healthy neurons, and white arrows, degenerative neurons.