Table 1.
Correlates of Youth Already on Medicine at Intake: Background and Child Clinical Variables
| Variable (SD or %) | Total sample or mean (SD) | On medication | No medication | Significance (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Background variables | ||||
| ADHD | 96 | 28 | 68 | |
| Age | 8.6 (1.6) | 8.8 (1.6) | 8.5 (1.6) | NS, 0.438 |
| Male | 87 (91%) | 25 (89) | 62 (91%) | NS, 0.773 |
| Female | 9 (9%) | 3 (11%) | 6 (9%) | |
| White | 44 (46%) | 19 (68%) | 25 (37%) | p = 0.005 |
| Minority | 52 (54%) | 9 (32%) | 43 (63%) | |
| Socioeconomic status | 37.4 (11.3) | 41.3 (12.8) | 35.8 (10.3) | p = 0.029 |
| Married | 38 (40%) | 14 (50%) | 24 (35%) | NS, 0.180 |
| Not married | 58 (60%) | 14 (50%) | 44 (65%) | |
| Two adults | 45 (47%) | 17 (61%) | 28 (41%) | NS, 0.081 |
| One adult | 51 (53%) | 11 (39%) | 40 (59%) | |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 74 (77%) | 22 (79%) | 52 (76%) | NS, 0.824 |
| Conduct disorder | 22 (23%) | 6 (21%) | 16 (24%) | |
| Medicaid/MA | 47 (48%) | 11 (42%) | 36 (50%) | NS, 0.290 |
| No Medicaid/MA | 51 (52%) | 15 (58%) | 36 (50%) | |
| Health maintenance organization | 46 (53%) | 15 (65%) | 31 (48%) | NS, 0.167 |
| Medicaid/MA | 41 (47%) | 8 (35%) | 33 (52%) | |
| Prescription benefits | 86 (97%) | 23 (96%) | 63 (97%) | NS, 0.800 |
| No benefits | 3 (3%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (3%) | |
| Child clinical variables | ||||
| CBCL externalizing | 74.0 (5.9) | 72.4 (6.3) | NS, 0.268 | |
| CBCL attention | 70.4 (6.9) | 70.0 (7.7) | NS, 0.818 | |
| CBCL internalizing | 64.2 (11.6) | 62.5 (9.6) | NS, 0.487 | |
| TRF externalizing | 65.5 (12.7) | 72.0 (9.2) | p = 0.008 | |
| TRF attention | 62.8 (10.2) | 68.3 (9.0) | p = 0.015 | |
| IOWA/C parent inattention/overactivity | 11.4 (2.1) | 10.4 (3.0) | NS, 0.146 | |
| IOWA/C parent oppositional defiant | 12.7 (2.4) | 11.4 (2.7) | p = 0.033 | |
| IOWA/C teacher inattention/overactivity | 8.9 (4.5) | 11.3 (3.4) | p = 0.005 | |
| IOWA/C teacher oppositional defiant | 6.7 (5.3) | 9.7 (4.4) | p = 0.005 | |
SD = standard deviation; ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; CBCL = Child Behavior Checklist, TRF = Teacher Report Form; IOWA/C = IOWA/Conners' Rating Scale; NS = not statistically significant; MA = medical assistance.