FIG. 3.
(a) The volume, (b) surface area, (c) mass, and (d) the total energy F[ϕ, u] (solid), the bending energy FB[ϕ, u] (dotted), and the line energy FL[ϕ, u] (dotted-dashed line) for the simulation shown in Fig. 2.
(a) The volume, (b) surface area, (c) mass, and (d) the total energy F[ϕ, u] (solid), the bending energy FB[ϕ, u] (dotted), and the line energy FL[ϕ, u] (dotted-dashed line) for the simulation shown in Fig. 2.