Table 2.

 Types of diagnostic examinations in utero and in early infancy, UK Childhood Cancer Study, 1976-96*

	No (%) of procedures; No of participants
In utero examinations
Radiation (319 procedures; 305 participants):
Pelvimetry	204 (64); 196
Chest radiography	41 (13); 36
Abdominal radiography	36 (11); 29
Other radiography	19 (6); 16
Radiography for broken bone	6 (2); 5
Skull radiography	2 (1); 1
Computed tomography	1 (<1); 1
Uncertain	2 (1); 2
Barium enema†	2 (1); 2
Salpingogram†	2 (1); 2
Intravenous pyelogram†	2 (1); 2
Barium meal†	1 (<1); 1
Venograph†	1 (<1); 1
More than one site	11 participants
Ultrasound scans (13 723 procedures; 6516 participants):
Confirmation of pregnancy/routine	8683 (63.3); 3785
Intrauterine growth restriction scan to check fetal growth	1434 (10.4); 46
Anomaly scans (routine in some hospitals)	1010 (7.4); 244
Placental location	606 (4.4); 27
Other	1990 (14.5); 124
More than one reason	2290 participants
Early infancy examinations
Radiation (247 procedures; 170 participants):
Chest radiography	177 (72); 116
Skull radiography	5 (2); 4
Radiography to look for broken bones	5 (2); 1
Other	55 (22); 29
Barium meal†	2 (1); 1
Barium enema†	2 (1); 1
Intravenous pyelogram†	1 (<1); 1
More than one site	17 participants
Ultrasound scans (138 procedures; 107 participants):
Brain	42 (30); 27
Hips/pelvis	33 (24); 28
Kidney	26 (19); 19
Abdominal	12 (9); 9
Echocardiogram	7 (5); 5
Chest	2 (1); 1
Neck	1 (1); 1
Other	15 (11); 9
More than one site	8 participants

*Excluding participants with trisomy 21 and one participant with radiotherapy. For participant level breakdowns, several children had examinations to more than one site or for more than one reason.

†Radionuclide examinations.