Laurdan GP values of LPSs containing membranes as a function of LPS concentration: (A) LPS-smooth, (B) LPS-Ra, (C) LPS-Rc, (D) LPS-Rd, and (E) lipid A. (○ and ●) Laurdan GP values calculated from GUVs. Double points at high LPS concentration for C–E represent visible phase separation GUVs. These Laurdan GP values were calculated separately for each domain, liquid-like (○) and gel-like (●). Each point represents an average of 15–25 separate vesicles; error bars are standard deviations. (Δ) Laurdan GP values from the oligolamellar vesicles used to form GUVs (measured in a fluorometer in the concentration range where domains are not observed in the GUVs).