Table 3.
Six- and Eighteen-Month Inventory of Complicated Grief Scores and Improvement in Inventory of Complicated Grief Scores by Parent and Child Characteristics
| n | 6 months (mean ± SD) | 18 months (mean ± SD) | Improvement (mean, 95% CI) | pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | 138 | 33.4 ± 13.6 | 28.0 ± 13.5 | 5.4 (4.1, 6.8) | |
| Parent gender | |||||
| Male | 37 | 31.8 ± 13.8 | 27.2 ± 14.5 | 4.6 (2.3, 6.9) | |
| Female | 100 | 33.6 ± 13.3 | 28.2 ± 13.3 | 5.4 (3.8, 7.0) | 0.50 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| White | 94 | 31.5 ± 12.2 | 25.7 ± 11.9 | 5.8 (4.2, 7.4) | |
| Black | 15 | 30.5 ± 14.6 | 26.1 ± 14.4 | 4.4 (0.0, 8.8) | |
| Hispanic | 20 | 38.3 ± 15.4 | 33.5 ± 15.4 | 4.8 (1.4, 8.2) | |
| Other | 7 | 41.3 ± 8.7 | 39.7 ± 9.1 | 1.6 (−5.7, 8.9) | 0.49 |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 110 | 32.8 ± 13.1 | 27.7 ± 13.1 | 5.1 (3.6, 6.6) | |
| Not married | 26 | 34.7 ± 15.2 | 28.8 ± 15.9 | 5.9 (2.8, 9.0) | 0.55 |
| Education | |||||
| High school or less | 34 | 35.3 ± 17.1 | 32.2 ± 17.0 | 3.2 (0.8, 5.6) | |
| Some college | 43 | 34.7 ± 12.0 | 28.7 ± 12.6 | 6.0 (3.4, 8.5) | |
| College degree | 59 | 30.8 ± 11.8 | 24.9 ± 11.4 | 5.9 (3.8, 7.9) | 0.18 |
| Biological parent | |||||
| Biological | 118 | 33.0 ± 13.3 | 28.3 ± 13.3 | 4.8 (3.4, 6.1) | |
| Nonbiological | 18 | 33.2 ± 14.7 | 24.4 ± 14.6 | 8.8 (4.6, 13.0) | 0.09 |
| Number of other children | |||||
| None | 21 | 33.7 ± 13.3 | 29.2 ± 12.3 | 4.5 (0.0, 9.0) | |
| One | 41 | 37.1 ± 11.8 | 29.5 ± 12.3 | 7.7 (5.5, 9.8) | |
| Two | 36 | 31.2 ± 14.2 | 25.8 ± 13.8 | 5.4 (3.2, 7.6) | |
| Three or more | 38 | 30.4 ± 14.0 | 27.6 ± 15.5 | 2.8 (0.2, 5.5) | 0.03 |
| Child gender | |||||
| Male | 79 | 34.5 ± 14.0 | 29.2 ± 13.8 | 5.3 (3.4, 7.2) | |
| Female | 59 | 31.8 ± 13.0 | 26.3 ± 13.0 | 5.5 (3.6, 7.4) | 0.84 |
| Cause of death | |||||
| Cardiac | 37 | 35.4 ± 13.9 | 30.3 ± 13.9 | 5.1 (2.5, 7.7) | |
| Sepsis/Multiple organ failure | 21 | 31.0 ± 12.1 | 23.4 ± 9.5 | 7.6 (3.1, 12.2) | |
| Neurologic | 17 | 31.5 ± 10.3 | 25.4 ± 11.9 | 6.1 (2.4, 9.9) | |
| Malignancy | 18 | 27.4 ± 13.6 | 23.0 ± 13.4 | 4.4 (0.6, 8.1) | |
| Respiratory failure | 17 | 38.1 ± 15.9 | 34.8 ± 15.4 | 3.3 (−0.8, 7.4) | |
| Trauma | 11 | 40.7 ± 12.8 | 31.6 ± 16.5 | 9.1 (5.5, 12.7) | |
| Other | 12 | 27.6 ± 12.3 | 26.1 ± 12.4 | 1.5 (−3.6, 6.5) | 0.004b |
a
p value assessing whether improvement in ICG differs across the different variable levels, e.g., whether males and females have significantly different improvement, on average.
b
p value for cause of death reflects comparison of trauma versus all others.
SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence interval; ICG; Inventory of Complicated Grief.