Neonatal rhEPO treatment after prenatal TSHI restores oligodendrocyte development and myelin production. a: Neonatal rhEPO treatment restores the number of O4-immunoperoxidase labeled oligodendrocyte lineage cells observed in the corpus callosum in vivo in postinsult rats at postnatal Day 9. Bar = 10 μm. OPCs = oligodendrocyte precursor cells. b: The number of O4-immunopositive oligodendrocytes immunolabeled at postnatal Day 9 is diminished in the periventricular white matter after prenatal TSHI, compared with sham controls, and restored to control density with rhEPO (*p < 0.0001). c: Western blot of MBP in juvenile (postnatal Day 24) periventricular white matter from saline-treated sham control and prenatal TSHI insult animals, and from EPO-treated controls and insults. d: Relative proportion of MBP to β-actin at postnatal Day 24 and in adults shows insult animals had significantly less MBP present (*p = 0.028). Myelin production in rhEPO-treated postinsult adults was restored (**p = 0.002), and supranormal MBP production appeared in adult EPO-treated sham controls (***p = 0.001, 2-way ANOVA).