Jasplakinolide (Jasplakinolide) attenuates isoflurane-mediated reduction in dendritic filopodial spines and enhancement of apoptosis in DIV4-7 neurons. Primary neurons (4-7 days in vitro – DIV4-7) were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane for 4 h with and without pre-treatment with the actin cytoskeleton stabilizer Jasplakinolide (1 h, 1 μM) and incubated with antibodies for drebrin (neuronal Factin binding protein) (A-C, quantitation shown in panel D), the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase 3 (cl-Csp3) (E-G, quantitation shown in panel 3H), and the nuclear marker DAPI. Pretreatment with Jasplakinolide significantly (C, n = 4-6; * p = 0.0144 vs. isoflurane) attenuated isoflurane-mediated decreased (B, # p = 0.0337 vs. basal) in drebrin immunofluorescence and significantly (n = 4-6; * p = 0.001 vs. isoflurane) decreased cl-Csp3 expression (G). Drebrin (green pixels) along dendrites is normalized to DAPI (blue pixels) and cl-Csp3 (red pixels) is normalized to DAPI. Scale bar, 10 μm. Error bars, standard error of the mean (s.e.m.).