Table 1.
Characteristics of reported patients with rifampicin-associated pseudomembranous colitis
| Case | Age (years), sex | Tuberculosis | Liver disorder | Other condition | Other anti-Tbc drugs | Latency to Sx development | Manifestation | Endoscopic findings | Pathologic diagnosis | C. difficile, toxin | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 59, F | miliary | liver damage by RFP | Candida infection | INH, M | 20 | F, D, J | firm rectal mucosa | yes | ND | VCM, cholestyr-amine |
| 2 | 57, M | kidney | INH, EB | 7 | P, D, F, H, T | edema, patchy purpura/pseudomembranes | (−, ND) | none | |||
| 3 | 60, M | meninx | not mentioned | INH, EB | 28 | D | typical of PMC | yes | (+, −) | VCM | |
| 4 | 56, F | lung | alcoholic LC | INH, M, SM | 32 | F, D, P | hyperemic mucosa, pseudomembranes | yes | (−, ND) | VCM | |
| 5 | 65, F | pleura, skin | INH | 240 | D, P, T | pseudomembranes | yes | ND | VCM | ||
| 6 | 18, F | lung | not mentioned | INH, EB, SM | 38 | D, P | pseudomembranes | yes | (+, +) | cholestyramine | |
| 7 | 64, F | miliary | miliary tuberculosis | INH, EB | 26 | F, P, D | not mentioned | yes | (+, ND) | VCM | |
| 8 | ?, M | EB, SM | 70 | NA | (−, −) | NA | |||||
| 9 | 18, M | lung | INF, PZ | 17 | D, P, V, F, Pe | mild inflammation | yes | (+, +) | surgery | ||
| 10 | 52, F | lung | INF, PZ | 21 | F, P, D | friable mucosa, ulceration | yes | (−, +) | MNZ | ||
| 11 | 60, M | lung | INH | 120 | D | consistent with PMC | yes | (+, ND) | MNZ | ||
| 12 | 86, F | lung | HT, IHD | INH, EB, PZ | 112 | P, D | typical of PMC | yes | (ND, −) | VCM | |
| 13 | 58, F | lung, pleura, AIH (LC) | INH, EB | 60 | D, H, P, F | aphthoid lesions/pseudomembranes | yes | (−, ND) | lactic acid bacteria | ||
| 14 | 77, M | pleura | INH, EB, PZ | 10 | D, T | consistent with PMC | yes | (−, +) | VCM | ||
| 15 | 50, F | lung | DM | INH, EB, PZ | 56 | D, P, T | consistent with PMC | yes | (−, −) | MNZ | |
| 16 | 90, M | lung | INH, EB, PZ | 45 | D, H, P, T | consistent with PMC | yes | (−, −) | MNZ | ||
| 17 | 70, M | lung | INH, EB, PZ | 20 | D, P | consistent with PMC | yes | ND | |||
| 18 | 66, F | intestine | DM, HT | INH, EB, PZ | 60 | P | patch, pseudomembranes | yes | (+, −) | MNZ | |
| 19 | 32, F | lung | INH, EB, PZ | 30 | P, D | edema, hyperemic mucosa | yes | (+, −) | MNZ | ||
| Our patient | 74, M | lung | DM, HT | INH, EB, PZ | 120 | D, H | friable mucosa, pseudomembranes | yes | ND | MNZ | |
AIH = Autoimmune hepatitis; C. difficile = Clostridium difficile; D = diarrhea; DM = diabetes mellitus; EB = ethambutol; F = fever; H = hematochezia; HT = hypertension; IHD = ischemic heart disease; INF = interferon; INH = isoniazid; J = jaundice; LC = liver cirrhosis; M = myambutol; MNZ = metronidazole; NA = not available; ND = not determined; P = pain; Pe = perforation; PMC = pseudomembranous colitis; PZ = pyrazinamide; RFP = rifampicin; SM = streptomycin; Sx = symptom; T = tenesmus; Tbc = tuberculosis; V = vomiting; VCM = vancomycin.