Table 1.
Maternal Characteristic | (n = 539) | |
---|---|---|
Number | (%) | |
Maternal age at beginning of pregnancy | ||
<25 years | 166 | (30.8) |
25-34 years | 261 | (48.4) |
35-39 | 91 | (16.9) |
40+ | 20 | (3.7) |
Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
Maternal ethnicity | ||
African American | 258 | (47.9) |
Caucasian | 246 | (45.6) |
Asian/Native American/Latino | 26 | (4.8) |
Missing | 9 | (1.7) |
Maternal marital status | ||
Never married | 154 | (28.6) |
Married | 241 | (44.7) |
Living with partner | 99 | (18.4) |
Divorced/separated | 44 | (8.2) |
Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
Maternal education | ||
Less than high school | 63 | (11.7) |
High school graduate/GED | 146 | (27.1) |
Some college | 145 | (27.1) |
College graduate | 98 | (18.2) |
Graduate education | 86 | (16.0) |
Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
Type of health insurance | ||
Public (e.g., Medicaid, SCHIP) | 250 | (46.4) |
Private | 174 | (32.3) |
Missing | 115 | (21.3) |
Parity | ||
One | 173 | (32.1) |
Two | 113 | (21.0) |
Three or more | 241 | (44.7) |
Missing | 12 | (2.2) |
Cigarette smoking at interview | ||
Non-smokers | 425 | (78.9) |
Smoker during pregnancy | 113 | (21.0) |
Missing | 1 | (0.1) |
Exposure to secondhand smoke during index pregnancy | ||
Yes | 158 | (29.3) |
No | 375 | (69.6) |
Missing | 6 | (1.1) |
Pre-pregnancy body size | ||
<18 kg/m2 | 6 | (1.1) |
≥18 g/m2 - <25 kg/m2 | 164 | (30.4) |
≥25 kg/m2 - <30 kg/m2 | 96 | (17.8) |
≥30 kg/m2 | 206 | (38.2) |
Missing | 66 | (12.2) |
Therapeutic interventions | ||
Hormonal contraceptive us up to one year before interview | 135 | (25.1) |
Use of assisted reproductive technology for index pregnancy | 17 | (3.2) |
Co-morbid conditions at interview | ||
None | 341 | (63.3) |
Gestational diabetes | 42 | (7.8) |
Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes | 27 | (5.0) |
Asthma | 88 | (16.3) |
*Other | 39 | (7.2) |
**Any chronic disease | 196 | (36.4) |
Folic acid intake before pregnancy | ||
None | 265 | (49.2) |
Up to 1,000 μg/day | 209 | (38.8) |
More than 1,000 μg/day | 64 | (11.9) |
Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
Folic acid intake during pregnancy | ||
None | 182 | (33.8) |
Up to 1,000 μg/day | 295 | (54.7) |
More than 1,000 μg/day | 61 | (11.3) |
Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
*Other includes hypertension, depression, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer
**Any chronic disease includes gestational diabetes, asthma, hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer