Table 1.
Characteristics of New Born Epigenetics STudy (NEST) Study Participants
| Maternal Characteristic | (n = 539) | |
|---|---|---|
| Number | (%) | |
| Maternal age at beginning of pregnancy | ||
| <25 years | 166 | (30.8) |
| 25-34 years | 261 | (48.4) |
| 35-39 | 91 | (16.9) |
| 40+ | 20 | (3.7) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
| Maternal ethnicity | ||
| African American | 258 | (47.9) |
| Caucasian | 246 | (45.6) |
| Asian/Native American/Latino | 26 | (4.8) |
| Missing | 9 | (1.7) |
| Maternal marital status | ||
| Never married | 154 | (28.6) |
| Married | 241 | (44.7) |
| Living with partner | 99 | (18.4) |
| Divorced/separated | 44 | (8.2) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
| Maternal education | ||
| Less than high school | 63 | (11.7) |
| High school graduate/GED | 146 | (27.1) |
| Some college | 145 | (27.1) |
| College graduate | 98 | (18.2) |
| Graduate education | 86 | (16.0) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
| Type of health insurance | ||
| Public (e.g., Medicaid, SCHIP) | 250 | (46.4) |
| Private | 174 | (32.3) |
| Missing | 115 | (21.3) |
| Parity | ||
| One | 173 | (32.1) |
| Two | 113 | (21.0) |
| Three or more | 241 | (44.7) |
| Missing | 12 | (2.2) |
| Cigarette smoking at interview | ||
| Non-smokers | 425 | (78.9) |
| Smoker during pregnancy | 113 | (21.0) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.1) |
| Exposure to secondhand smoke during index pregnancy | ||
| Yes | 158 | (29.3) |
| No | 375 | (69.6) |
| Missing | 6 | (1.1) |
| Pre-pregnancy body size | ||
| <18 kg/m2 | 6 | (1.1) |
| ≥18 g/m2 - <25 kg/m2 | 164 | (30.4) |
| ≥25 kg/m2 - <30 kg/m2 | 96 | (17.8) |
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 206 | (38.2) |
| Missing | 66 | (12.2) |
| Therapeutic interventions | ||
| Hormonal contraceptive us up to one year before interview | 135 | (25.1) |
| Use of assisted reproductive technology for index pregnancy | 17 | (3.2) |
| Co-morbid conditions at interview | ||
| None | 341 | (63.3) |
| Gestational diabetes | 42 | (7.8) |
| Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes | 27 | (5.0) |
| Asthma | 88 | (16.3) |
| *Other | 39 | (7.2) |
| **Any chronic disease | 196 | (36.4) |
| Folic acid intake before pregnancy | ||
| None | 265 | (49.2) |
| Up to 1,000 μg/day | 209 | (38.8) |
| More than 1,000 μg/day | 64 | (11.9) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
| Folic acid intake during pregnancy | ||
| None | 182 | (33.8) |
| Up to 1,000 μg/day | 295 | (54.7) |
| More than 1,000 μg/day | 61 | (11.3) |
| Missing | 1 | (0.2) |
*Other includes hypertension, depression, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer
**Any chronic disease includes gestational diabetes, asthma, hypertension, depression, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, allergies, migraine headaches, epilepsy, anxiety, treated for cancer