Figure 2.

Spatial distribution of infection status in Mulanda, a rural community in east Uganda. A, Study-site location in eastern Uganda. B, Map of the study households in Mulanda subcounty, showing road networks, main geographic features and important infrastructure. Hexagonal subdivisions are outlined in gray; those with < 25 residents were excluded from further analysis. The shaded charts show the prevalence of Plasmodium-species infection (C), hookworm infection (D), and Plasmodium-hookworm coinfection (E), by hexagonal subunit. Subsequent figures show area (hexagon)–level spatial heterogeneity of infection status, shaded by the quartile of the standardized parasite ratio (SIR; ratio by which the unit's mean prevalence is higher or lower than expected) as derived by Bayesian multivariate spatial conditional autoregressive models: F, hookworm infection; G, Plasmodium species infection; H, hookworm-Plasmodium coinfection.