Table 1.
Relation between SSIs and the studied risk factors of patients with abdominal trauma
| Risk factor | SSI; no. (%) | Total | RR (95% CI) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||
| Sex | 0.80 (0.39–1.64) | 0.58 | |||
| Male | 75 (13.6) | 478 (86.4) | 553 | ||
| Female | 10 (16.4) | 51 (83.6) | 61 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Age | 2.95 (0.89–9.81) | 0.08 | |||
| > 55 yr | 4 (30.8) | 9 (69.2) | 13 | ||
| ≤ 55 yr | 77 (13.1) | 511 (86.9) | 588 | ||
| Total | 81 (13.5) | 520 (86.5) | 601 | ||
| Mechanism of injury | 0.66 (0.33–1.33) | 0.23 | |||
| Penetrating | 74 (13.4) | 480 (86.6) | 554 | ||
| Blunt | 11 (19.0) | 47 (81.0) | 58 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.9) | 527 (86.1) | 612 | ||
| Time elapsed from trauma to surgery | 0.97 (0.59–1.61) | 1.00 | |||
| > 6 h | 25 (13.4) | 161 (86.6) | 186 | ||
| ≤ 6 h | 58 (13.8) | 363 (86.2) | 421 | ||
| Total | 83 (13.7) | 524 (86.3) | 607 | ||
| Use of antibiotics | 2.32 (1.28–4.18) | 0.010 | |||
| No | 18 (24.7) | 55 (75.3) | 73 | ||
| Yes | 67 (12.4) | 474 (87.6) | 541 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Injury severity score | 1.50 (0.88–2.55) | 0.14 | |||
| > 20 | 22 (18.0) | 100 (82.0) | 122 | ||
| ≤ 20 | 63 (12.8) | 429 (87.2) | 492 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Revised trauma score | 1.98 (1.21–3.25) | 0.008 | |||
| < 7.8 | 29 (20.7) | 111 (79.3) | 140 | ||
| ≥ 7.8 | 55 (11.7) | 417 (88.3) | 472 | ||
| Total | 84 (13.7) | 528 (86.3) | 612 | ||
| Abdominal trauma index score | 5.05 (3.09–8.26) | < 0.001 | |||
| ≥ 24 | 39 (33.9) | 76 (66.1) | 115 | ||
| < 24 | 46 (9.2) | 453 (90.8) | 499 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Abdominal cavity contamination | 3.86 (2.26–6.67) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 64 (21.0) | 241 (79.0) | 305 | ||
| No | 19 (6.4) | 278 (93.6) | 297 | ||
| Total | 83 (13.8) | 519 (86.2) | 602 | ||
| Transfused blood | 3.53 (2.20–5.69) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 42 (26.2) | 118 (73.8) | 160 | ||
| No | 41 (9.2) | 407 (90.8) | 448 | ||
| Total | 83 (13.7) | 525 (86.3) | 608 | ||
| Intraoperative hypotension (SP < 90 more than 1 h) | 3.00 (1.82–4.94) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 31 (26.7) | 85 (73.3) | 116 | ||
| No | 54 (10.8) | 444 (89.2) | 498 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Damage control | 6.48 (1.59–26.43) | 0.016 | |||
| Yes | 4 (50.0) | 4 (50.0) | 8 | ||
| No | 81 (13.4) | 525 (86.6) | 606 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
| Admision to ICU | 9.42 (5.51–16.11) | < 0.001 | |||
| Yes | 37 (48.1) | 40 (51.9) | 77 | ||
| No | 48 (8.9) | 489 (91.1) | 537 | ||
| Total | 85 (13.8) | 529 (86.2) | 614 | ||
CI = confidence interval; ICU = intensive care unit; RR = relative risk; SP = substance P; SSI = surgical site infection.