Table 3.

Differentiating among FTLDs

	FTD	SD	PFNA
Sex	Male=female (M>F)	Male>female	Female>male
Age of onset	Mid 50s	Late 50s	Early 60s
Genetics	Strongly familial	Rarely familial	Intermediate
MND	Common	Unusual	Unusual
Behavior	Personality changes, apathy, disinhibition, loss of insight	Similar to FTD in right sided cases; FTD-type behaviors emerge after a few years in left-sided cases	Tends to remain normal; depression is common
Neurology	Look for ALS, Parkinsonian features Setshifting, inhibition; good drawing, poor generation naming	Look for ALS, often normal Poor naming, verbal memory; good working memory	Overlap with PSP and CBDNonfluent, verbal apraxia; good comprehension
Neuropsychology	Setshifting, inhibition; good drawing, poor generation naming	Poor naming, verbal memory; good working memory	Nonfluent, verbal apraxia; good comprehension
Neuroimaging	B/ (R > L) frontal–ventral–insular and cingulated atrophy/ hypometabolism (L>R) anterior temporal, amygdala and insular atrophy/hypometabolism	Bilateral	Bilateral (left > right) fronto-insular atrophy/ hypometabolism
Neuropathology	Most common: FTD ubiquitin inclusions; less common: no inclusions or tau inclusions	Most common pathology is FTD-ubiquitin inclusions	Most common pathology is FTD-tau; often overlaps with CBD or PSP

Differentiating among FTLDs (adapted from Wang P-N and Miller BL, 2007)