Table 3.

Findings concerning for mesenteric ischemia and infarction within pneumatosis intestinalis.

Clinical Scenario
(i) Low-flow states
(a) CHF
(b) Sepsis
(c) IV pressors
(d) Hypotension
(ii) Arrhythmias
Past medical history
(i) Vascular disease
(ii) Risk factors for vascular disease: CAD, HTN, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking
Physical examination
(i) “Pain out of proportion to exam”
(ii) Peritonitis
Laboratory data
(i) Elevated lactate/acidemia
Radiographic details
(i) Gas within vasculature
(ii) Linear/crescentic gas pattern
(iii) Small bowel gas