. 2011 Jan 27;2011:606780. doi: 10.4061/2011/606780

Table 3.

Etiologies of ischemic stroke complicating pregnancy and the puerperium.

Author, year	Mean age, yrs	N° case	Large artery disease	Cardiac disease N° (%)	Coagulopathy N° (%)	Other causes N° (%)	Pre-eclampsia eclampsia N° (%)	Other pregnancy N° (%)	Unkown N° (%)	Notes
Awada et al., 1995	30	9		3 (33%)*		1(11%)**	1(11%)		4(45%)	2 valvular heart disease, 1 postpartum cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation, Nephrotic syndrome

Sharshar et al., 1995	30,2	15			1(6,6%)*	1(6,6%)**	7(47%)	2(13,2%)***	4(26,6%)	Protein S deficiency; vertebral artery dissection; **1 postpartum cerebral angiopathy, 1 amniotic fluid embolism

Kittner et al., 1996	27	17		1 (5,9%)*		6 (35,3%)**	4 (23,5%)		6 (35,3%)	Mitral valve prolapse; *2 primary CNS vasculopathy, 1 cerebral artery dissection, 1 cerebral venous thrombosis, 1 postherpetic vasculitis, 1 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura;

Jiagobin and Silver, 2000	30	13	1 (8%)*	4 (30,7%)**	2 (15,3%)***		3 (23,1)****		6 (46%)	Carotid artery dissection; valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, patent foramen ovale; *deficiencies of protein C, protein S, activated protein C resistance; **preeclampsia-eclampsia was considered as a risk factor

Skidmore et al., 2001	26,9	21		5 (23,7%)*	2 (9,6%)**	5 (23,7%)***	3 (14,4%)		6 (28,6%)	1 pedunculated cardiac mass, 2 rheumatic heart disease, 1 valvular heart disease, 1 peripartum cardiomyopathy, 1 protein S deficiency, 1 factor VII anomaly, **1 cerebral vasculitis, 1 migrainous infarct, 1 mucormycosis, 1 hypotension, 1 thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Jeng et al., 2004	28,9	16		9 (56%)*	3 (19%)**	1 (6%)***	1(6%)		2 (13%)	7 rheumatic heart disease, 2 other heart diseases; protein S deficiency; **giant cerebral aneurysm

Liang et al., 2006	31,5	11	1 (9%)	4 (36%)*		3 (27%)**	2 (18%)	1 (9%)***		2 congenital heart disease, 1 rheumatic heart disease, 1 atrial mixoma; cerebral venous thrombosis; **amniotic fluid embolism;