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. 2011 Jan 18;108(6):2355–2360. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1016646108

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Fig. 4. — Efferent modulation of diminuendo IHCs. (A–C) Membrane currents recorded from immature (A: Dmdo/Dmdo, red) and adult (B: +/+, black; C: Dmdo/Dmdo, red) IHCs before and during superfusion of ACh (green traces). The instantaneous current elicited by ACh is indicated by arrows. (D) Developmental change in the steady-state slope conductance measured near −84 mV in the presence of 100 μM ACh. (E) Transmission electron microscopy showing the synaptic region of an adult control IHC with efferent (eff) endings contacting radial afferent fibers (aff + arrowhead). Pre- and postsynaptic membrane densities are visible between efferents and afferents. (F) Afferent and efferent terminals onto adult Dmdo/Dmdo IHCs. (Inset) High-magnification view of the efferent terminal (*) shows vesicles and pre- and postsynaptic densities. (G) Efferent ending from another adult Dmdo/Dmdo IHC showing a large number of vesicles. (Scale bars: E, G, and Inset in F, 0.5 μm; F, 1 μm.)