Table 1.
Various biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease
| Spheres | Biomarkers |
|---|---|
| Biochemical | CSF |
| Blood-based | |
| Neuroanatomical | CT scan |
| MRI scan | |
| Metabolic | PET scan |
| SPECT scan | |
| Genetic | |
| APP | |
| PSEN1 | |
| PSEN2 | |
| APOE4 | |
| Neuropsychological | Episodic memory |
| Other–attention, executive functioning, etc. |
APP, Gene for amyloid precursor protein; APOE4, Apolipoprotein E4 allele; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; CT, Computed tomography; MRI, Magnetic resonance imaging; PET, Positron emission tomography; PSEN1 and PSEN 2, Preseniline gene 1 and 2; SPECT, Single photon emission computed tomography