Table 2.
Age Adjusted Odds Ratios and p-Values for Comparing the Distribution in the Outcome (Breast Cancer Stage) to a Referent Cell for Levels of Various Explanatory Variables
| Independent Variable1 | Distribution of Cancer Stage for Each Dependent Variable |
Age Adjusted OR | Confidence Interval for OR | P-Value Level (Binary Logistic Regression) $ | P-Value from Polytomous Regression# | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Size | In Situ | Localized | Regional | Distant | Unstaged | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||||||
| 18–29 | 917 | 7.7% | 40.8% | 39.6% | 6.5% | 5.3% | ||||
| 30–39 | 9,553 | 13.6% | 40.0% | 37.2% | 4.6% | 4.5% | ||||
| 40–49 | 39,988 | 22.8% | 41.7% | 28.3% | 3.0% | 4.1% | ||||
| 50–64 | 77,809 | 21.4% | 45.8% | 24.5% | 3.9% | 4.4% | ||||
| 65+ | 89,024 | 16.6% | 51.6% | 20.5% | 4.4% | 6.9% | ||||
| Race | ||||||||||
| White (+) | 185,417 | 19.1% | 48.1% | 23.6% | 3.7% | 5.4% | 1.0 | |||
| Black | 21,397 | 18.8% | 40.7% | 29.6% | 6.6% | 4.4% | 1.48 | (1.43, 1.53) | *** | <.0001 |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 837 | 17.6% | 41.9% | 24.4% | 5.0% | 11.1% | 1.16 | (0.98, 1.37) | <.0001 | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 6,299 | 22.2% | 46.9% | 25.3% | 3.3% | 2.3% | 0.99 | (0.93, 1.05) | <.0001 | |
| Other | 764 | 23.2% | 40.4% | 25.8% | 4.6% | 6.0% | 1.22 | (1.03, 1.45) | * | 0.0203 |
| Hispanic | ||||||||||
| No | 204,014 | 19.4% | 47.3% | 23.9% | 4.0% | 5.4% | 0.85 | (0.82, 0.89) | *** | <.0001 |
| Yes (+) | 13,285 | 17.9% | 44.4% | 28.8% | 4.4% | 4.6% | 1.0 | |||
| Education (county level) | ||||||||||
| Not Low | 192,516 | 19.6% | 47.2% | 23.9% | 3.9% | 5.5% | 0.88 | (0.86, 0.91) | *** | <.0001 |
| Low (+) | 24,171 | 16.6% | 47.7% | 27.1% | 4.8% | 3.8% | 1.0 | |||
| County Designated as Health Professional Shortage Area | ||||||||||
| None of the county | 41,445 | 19.8% | 47.6% | 24.1% | 3.9% | 4.6% | 0.98 | (0.96, 1.01) | <.0001 | |
| Part or all of the county (+) | 175,242 | 19.1% | 47.2% | 24.3% | 4.0% | 5.4% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of rural health clinics | ||||||||||
| < 1 | 161,045 | 19.9% | 46.8% | 23.8% | 4.0% | 5.5% | 0.95 | (0.90, 1.00) | * | 0.0097 |
| ≥ 1 to < 2 | 25,014 | 17.9% | 48.6% | 24.9% | 4.0% | 4.5% | 0.96 | (0.91, 1.02) | 0.0263 | |
| ≥ 2 to < 5 | 21,840 | 17.5% | 47.3% | 25.5% | 3.9% | 5.9% | 1.01 | (0.95, 1.07) | 0.0445 | |
| ≥ 5 (+) | 9,400 | 16.8% | 48.3% | 25.5% | 4.2% | 5.2% | 1.0 | |||
| Rural/Urban code for county3 | ||||||||||
| Metro | 179,692 | 19.8% | 47.3% | 24.1% | 3.9% | 4.8% | 0.95 | (0.92, 0.98) | *** | <.0001 |
| Urban (+) | 32,956 | 16.7% | 47.1% | 24.6% | 4.2% | 7.4% | 1.0 | |||
| Rural | 4,039 | 16.4% | 46.3% | 24.1% | 4.3% | 8.9% | 1.01 | (0.94, 1.10) | 0.0069 | |
| Percent living below poverty level | ||||||||||
| ≤ 8.8 (+) | 44,010 | 21.3% | 47.0% | 22.4% | 3.5% | 5.8% | 1.0 | |||
| > 8.8 to ≤ 11.1 | 46,614 | 20.3% | 47.4% | 23.2% | 3.6% | 5.6% | 1.04 | (1.00, 1.07) | * | 0.0090 |
| > 11.1 to ≤ 13.4 | 41,980 | 18.3% | 48.0% | 24.1% | 3.9% | 5.7% | 1.08 | (1.04, 1.11) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 13.4 to ≤ 16.3 | 40,022 | 18.6% | 48.4% | 25.0% | 4.2% | 3.8% | 1.11 | (1.08, 1.15) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 16.3 | 44,061 | 17.7% | 45.5% | 26.5% | 4.8% | 5.5% | 1.25 | (1.21, 1.29) | *** | <.0001 |
| Number of mammography centers per 100,000 females2 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 1.93 | 44,388 | 19.1% | 47.9% | 24.9% | 4.0% | 4.2% | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.02) | <.0001 | |
| > 1.93 to ≤ 2.34 | 42,126 | 19.2% | 47.8% | 25.3% | 4.0% | 3.7% | 1.00 | (0.96, 1.03) | <.0001 | |
| > 2.34 to ≤ 2.97 | 42,680 | 19.7% | 48.4% | 23.9% | 3.9% | 4.2% | 0.94 | (0.91, 0.97) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 2.97 to ≤ 3.81 | 43,666 | 20.2% | 46.6% | 23.7% | 4.0% | 5.6% | 0.98 | (0.95, 1.01) | <.0001 | |
| > 3.81 (+) | 43,827 | 18.2% | 45.6% | 23.4% | 4.0% | 8.7% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of mammography centers per 1,000 square miles | ||||||||||
| ≤ 2.78 | 44,701 | 16.9% | 47.5% | 24.6% | 4.1% | 6.9% | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.05) | <.0001 | |
| > 2.78 to ≤ 8.39 | 44,790 | 18.5% | 47.3% | 24.2% | 3.8% | 6.3% | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.02) | <.0001 | |
| > 8.39 to ≤ 20.23 | 42,816 | 20.6% | 47.4% | 23.9% | 3.6% | 4.5% | 0.96 | (0.93, 0.99) | * | <.0001 |
| > 20.23 to ≤ 42.93 | 44,423 | 19.9% | 47.0% | 24.5% | 3.9% | 4.6% | 1.00 | (0.96, 1.03) | <.0001 | |
| > 42.93 (+) | 39,932 | 20.7% | 47.0% | 23.9% | 4.5% | 3.9% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of office based physicians per 100,000 females2 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 107 | 44,100 | 17.2% | 46.6% | 25.2% | 4.2% | 6.8% | 1.12 | (1.09, 1.16) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 107 to ≤ 161 | 44,008 | 18.2% | 47.0% | 24.7% | 4.1% | 5.9% | 1.09 | (1.06, 1.12) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 161 to ≤ 200 | 45,338 | 19.7% | 47.8% | 24.7% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 1.05 | (1.02, 1.09) | ** | <.0001 |
| > 200 to ≤ 247 | 39,437 | 20.1% | 47.4% | 23.4% | 3.8% | 5.4% | 1.02 | (0.98, 1.05) | <.0001 | |
| > 247 (+) | 43,804 | 21.2% | 47.4% | 23.1% | 3.8% | 4.5% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of office based physicians per 1,000 square miles | ||||||||||
| ≤ 124 | 44,715 | 16.6% | 46.9% | 25.0% | 4.2% | 7.3% | 1.07 | (1.03, 1.11) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 124 to ≤ 531 | 43,916 | 18.5% | 47.9% | 23.9% | 3.8% | 6.0% | 0.99 | (0.95, 1.02) | <.0001 | |
| > 531 to ≤ 1,594 | 44,272 | 20.6% | 47.5% | 23.8% | 3.6% | 4.6% | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.01) | <.0001 | |
| > 1,594 to ≤ 3,961 | 47,560 | 19.9% | 46.6% | 24.4% | 4.1% | 4.9% | 1.02 | (0.99, 1.06) | <.0001 | |
| > 3,961 (+) | 36,199 | 21.1% | 47.4% | 24.0% | 4.3% | 3.3% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of Ob/Gyn physicians per 100,000 females2 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 5.93 | 44,725 | 17.5% | 46.7% | 24.2% | 4.1% | 7.3% | 1.08 | (1.05, 1.12) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 5.93 to ≤ 8.91 | 43,884 | 18.6% | 47.3% | 25.2% | 4.1% | 4.8% | 1.09 | (1.06, 1.13) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 8.91 to ≤ 10.95 | 45,562 | 19.3% | 47.8% | 24.1% | 3.9% | 4.9% | 1.03 | (1.00, 1.06) | <.0001 | |
| > 10.95 to ≤ 14.10 | 39,083 | 19.8% | 46.4% | 24.0% | 4.0% | 5.8% | 1.06 | (1.02, 1.09) | ** | <.0001 |
| > 14.10 (+) | 43,433 | 21.3% | 47.8% | 23.5% | 3.8% | 3.6% | 1.0 | |||
| Number of OB-Gyn physicians per 1,000 square miles | ||||||||||
| ≤ 7.24 | 44,721 | 16.8% | 47.0% | 24.8% | 4.1% | 7.2% | 1.04 | (1.01, 1.07) | * | <.0001 |
| > 7.24 to ≤ 29.54 | 44,612 | 18.4% | 47.9% | 24.0% | 3.8% | 5.9% | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.01) | <.0001 | |
| > 29.54 to ≤ 90.38 | 42,760 | 20.6% | 47.3% | 23.9% | 3.6% | 4.6% | 0.97 | (0.94, 1.00) | <.0001 | |
| > 90.38 to ≤ 225.29 | 44,977 | 20.2% | 46.5% | 23.8% | 4.1% | 5.3% | 0.99 | (0.96, 1.02) | <.0001 | |
| > 225.29 (+) | 39,592 | 20.6% | 47.5% | 24.6% | 4.3% | 3.1% | 1.0 | |||
| Percentage of Hispanic females4 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 1.60 | 68,535 | 18.6% | 46.7% | 24.1% | 4.1% | 6.5% | 1.00 | (0.97, 1.02) | <.0001 | |
| > 1.60 to ≤ 6.28 | 76,316 | 20.0% | 47.3% | 23.4% | 3.8% | 5.4% | 0.94 | (0.92, 0.97) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 6.28 (+) | 71,836 | 19.2% | 47.6% | 25.2% | 4.0% | 3.9% | 1.0 | |||
| Percentage of Non-Hispanic black females4 | ||||||||||
| ≤ 1.87 | 68,512 | 18.5% | 47.4% | 23.4% | 3.7% | 6.9% | 0.91 | (0.89, 0.93) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 1.87 to ≤ 6.44 | 75,439 | 19.8% | 47.9% | 24.1% | 3.8% | 4.5% | 0.91 | (0.89, 0.93) | *** | <.0001 |
| > 6.44 (+) | 72,736 | 19.4% | 46.4% | 25.1% | 4.5% | 4.6% | 1.0 | |||
$
The event is regional or distant stage vs. local stage.
(+) indicates reference level.
*
- < 0.05.
**
- < 0.01.
***
< 0.001.
#
Testing that the distribution of the outcome is the same for the reported and the reference level.
1
The individual-level characteristics are: age, race, and Hispanic ethnicity. All other variables are characteristics at the county level (contextual variables). Except for number of mammography centers (FDA) and rural code (USDA), the contextual variables came from the Area Resource File (ARF) of HRSA. Cases from Illinois and Minnesota have been removed.
2
The population used in the computation is the estimated total number of females in 2003 from the US Census Bureau.
3
From U.S. Department of Agriculture.
4
From US Census Bureau.