FIGURE 1.

TMPRSS6 is up-regulated by hypoxia, BIP, and DMOG. Hep3B cells were cultured under normoxia (21% O₂) or hypoxia (0.5% O₂) and harvested at the designated time points for mRNA and protein analyses. A, quantitative real-time PCR showing TMPRSS6 mRNA expression (*, p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA, with p < 0.01, at 12 h and beyond using Dunnett's post-test). B, immunoblot analysis of TMPRSS6 protein levels, following indicated duration of hypoxic incubation. TMPRSS6 signal intensity was quantitated by densitometry, normalized to β-actin signal intensity and plotted for the indicated hypoxic time points. C and D, quantitative real-time PCR showing TMPRSS6 mRNA expression after 16 h treatment with increasing concentrations of BIP and DMOG respectively (*, p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA with p < 0.01 at all doses using Dunnett's post-test). mRNA expression levels are normalized to cyclophilin. All data points are averages of three independent biological replicates.