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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Feb 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Fish Biol. 2010 Apr;76(5):1067–1093. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02563.x

Table III.

Examples of studies using microarrays or ESTs to identify adaptively important changes in gene expression.

Species Array type Tissue Comparison Major Findings References
Fundulus heteroclitus (killifish) cDNA heart Northern population versus a southern population and sister taxa from the Gulf, F. grandis Gene expression for 20% of genes varied significantly between individuals. 15 genes (1.5%) with adaptive signature perhaps due to temperature. (Oleksiak et al., 2002)
cDNA brain & liver Three chronically polluted populations, each with two flanking reference populations Gene expression for 8-32% of genes showed potentially adaptive changes in gene expression. Few significant genes shared among different polluted populations. (Fisher and Oleksiak, 2007; Oleksiak, 2008)
cDNA heart Clinal variation among 5 populations Much of variation in gene expression was neutral, but 22% of gene expression was potentially adaptive. (Whitehead and Crawford, 2006)
Platichthys flesus (European flounder) cDNA liver Baltic Sea versus North Sea population 5% (158) of genes were significantly differently expressed in North Sea and Baltic Sea flounders subjected to the same salinities under controlled conditions. (Larsen et al., 2007)
Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon) cDNA brain Sneaker males versus age matched females and immature males 15% of genes differed between sneaker and immature males. (Aubin-Horth et al., 2005)
Neolamprologus pulcher (Tanganyikan cichlid) cDNA brain Dominant males & females versus subordinate males and females Dominant breeder females were masculinized at the molecular and hormonal level. (Aubin-Horth et al., 2007)
Coregonus sp. (whitefish) cDNA liver Dwarf versus normal whitefish populations Significant over-expression of genes potentially associated with enhanced activity, and down-regulation of genes associated with growth in dwarf whitefish. (St-Cyr et al., 2008)
Dissostichus mawsoni (Antarctic toothfish) In silico Brain, liver, head kidney, & ovary Antarctic fish versus five temperate/tropical species 177 notothenioid protein families highly expressed compared to the temperate species. Significant Antarctic specific gene duplications. (Chen et al., 2008)