Table 4.

Anti-HIV activity of marine lectins.

Species	Lectin	Carbohydrate specificity	Activity	EC50a	Ref.
Red algae Griffithsia sp.	GRFT	Man/Glc-specific lectin	Against T cell tropic and macrophage tropic strains of HIV-1	Ranging from 0.043–0.63 μM	[92]
			Abort cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of HIV-1 infection	Ranging from 0.043–0.63 μM
Marine worm Chaetopterus variopedatus	CVL	β-galactose-specific lectin	Inhibit HIV-induced syncytium formation	0.0043 μM	[93]
			Inhibit HIV-1 p24 production	0.057 μM
Marine worm Serpula vermicularis	SVL	GlcNAc-specific lectin	Inhibit HIV-induced syncytium formation	0.15 μg/mL	[94]
			Inhibit HIV-1 p24 production	0.23 μg/mL
Marine mussel Crenomytilus grayanus	CGL	High affinity to the glycoproteins of mucin type	Inhibit HIV-replication	45.7 μg/mL	[95]
Ascidium Didemnum ternatanum	DTL	GlcNAc-specific lectin	Inhibit HIV-replication	0.006 μg/mL	[95]
Ascidium Didemnum ternatanum	DTL-A	GlcNAc/GalNAc and heparin-binding lectin	Inhibit HIV-replication	0.59 μg/mL	[95]
Marine worm Serpula vermicularis	SVL-1	Mannan-binding lectin	Inhibit HIV-replication	89.1 μg/mL	[95]
Marine worm Serpula vermicularis	SVL-2	GlcNAc-specific lectin	Inhibit HIV-replication	0.23 μg/mL	[95]

^a50% effective concentration.