Fig. 4.

Biofilm production is restored by over-expressing HmsT and HmsR in Y. pestis SpeA⁻SpeC⁻ cells. (A) CV staining as a measure of biofilm production in SpeA⁻ SpeC⁻ cells carrying both pBAD30 and pACYC184 vectors and the same vectors expressing HmsR (pBADHmsR) and HmsT (pAHMS8) (HmsT⁺⁺ HmsR⁺⁺) are shown. The SpeA⁺ SpeC⁺ strain is included for comparison. CV staining values are the averages of three independent experiments with error bars indicating standard deviations. (B) Western blot analysis comparing protein levels of HmsT and HmsR in the control Y. pestis SpeA⁺ SpeC⁺ and SpeA⁻ SpeC⁻ cells carrying vectors alone or plasmids expressing HmsR and HmsT.