Table 2.

Comparison of the frequency of CD3⁺ T cells expressing cellular activation markers following cell culture in media alone or stimulation with PHA in children with autism spectrum disorders (n =29), typically developing controls (n=38).

		CD134+	CD137+	GITR+	CD3+ CD25+	CD95+	HLA-DR+	CD69+
Media	TD	1 (0.4–1.8)	0.9 (0.5–1.5)	1.2 (0.9–1.7)	4.3 (3.3–5.6)	9.1 (6.4–12.6)	1.1 (0.5–2.5)	1.9 (1.5–2.4)
	ASD	0.8 (0.4–1.0)	0.7 (0.3–1.5)	0.6+ (0.4–1.0)	3.5 (2.2–5.2)	9.5 (8.0–16.0)	0.9 (0.7–2.1)	2.1 (1.3–2.7)
PHA	TD	10 (6.7–27.9)	26.2 (21.0–29.9)	6 (3.2–8.6)	45.7 (31.5–56.9)	10 (4.7–22.4)	4.1 (2.6–5.7)	34.4 (21.3–42.2)
	ASD	5.4* (2.4–12.4)	25.7 (15.8–37.1)	5.6 (2.8–10.3)	32.4* (19.4–49.4)	13.1 (4.5–21.1)	5 (3.0–6.2)	33.3 (29.4–36.4)

Data are presented as median and interquartile ranges.

⁺p<0.05 unstimulated (media alone) levels in ASD children compared with unstimulated levels in typically developing controls.

^*p<0.05 stimulated responses in ASD children compared with stimulated responses in typically developing controls.