Table 6.

Descriptive circular statistics for in vivo bone strain orientations recorded from anterior root of the zygoma.

Experiment	8	8	8	9	9
Side	Incision	Working	Balancing	Working	Balancing
n	35	169	136	23	216
Mean vector (μ)	19.144	13.636	13.239	13.207	16.467
Length of mean vector (r)	0.989	0.994	0.999	0.997	0.985
Median	19.123	13.535	13.261	13.617	16.133
Concentration	44.813	81.566	400.448	180.554	33.038
Circular variance	0.006	0.003	6.25E-04	0.001	0.008
Circular SD	4.304	3.182	1.432	2.135	5.023
95% confidence interval (±) for μ	17.718	13.156	12.998	12.334	15.797
	20.57	14.115	13.48	14.079	17.136
99% confidence interval (±) for μ	17.27	13.005	12.922	12.06	15.586
	21.018	14.266	13.555	14.354	17.347
Rayleigh test (Z)	34.219	166.928	135.66	22.873	209.461
Rayleigh test (P)	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Watson's U2 test (von Mises, U2)	0.048	0.079	0.041	0.267	0.38
Watson's U2 test (P)	> 0.5	0.25 > P > 0.15	> 0.5	< 0.005	< 0.005
Test for working/balancing differences
W	F = 65.202	F = 1.809		9.551
P	< 0.0001	ns		0.002