Table 3.

Authors' Self-Reported Financial Ties to Industry

Type of Relationship	Financial Ties
	All Studies (n = 2,927)		Non–Industry- Sponsored Studies (n = 1,409)		Industry- Sponsored Studies* (n = 1,518)
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Employment	207	7	17	1	190	13
Honorarium	324	11	85	6	239	16
Consultant	300	10	79	6	221	15
Stock ownership	182	6	11	1	171	11
Research funding	336	12	58	4	278	18
Expert testimony	17	1	3	0	14	1
Any financial tie†	842	29	173	12	669‡	44

^*Includes studies with mixed industry and nonindustry funding.

^†Coded as yes if the author reported one or more of the above financial relationships.

^‡Of these, 629 authors (41% of all authors of industry-sponsored studies) had at least one financial tie to the study sponsor.