Fig. 2.

(A) Body weight change in response to three overnight food and water deprivation (FWD) or restraint stress (RST) cycles in male and female mice. Animals were weighed prior to the beginning of the experiment, and again after three nights of FWD or RST (prior to infection). “Body weight change” was calculated by subtracting weights measured after three cycles of FWD/RST from weights measured before the stress. Data are presented as mean ± SEM body weight change. (B-C) Body weight change following influenza A/PR8 viral infection in animals recovering from FWD/RST. Following RST stress mice typically show a gradual increase in body weight. Thus, Animals were weighed on the day of infection (after termination of FWD/RST), and again every 24 hr for 9 days. The effect of influenza virus infection on body weight change was examined by subtracting weights measured on each day post infection from weights measured on the day of infection. Data representing body weight change in non-infected (NI) and influenza A/PR8 virus infected (INF) female (B) and male (C) mice are presented as mean ± SEM difference from body weight measured on the day of infection

* Significantly different from corresponding non-infected (NI) group (same sex, stress manipulation and day of infection) (p<0.05).

+ Significantly different from corresponding FWD group (same sex, infection manipulation and day of infection) (p<0.05).

# Significantly different from corresponding female group (same stress and infection manipulations and day of infection) (p<0.05).