Table 3.
Adjusted means* by education or language at interview categories, Wave 1 through Wave 5
| Variables | Baseline, Wave 1 (n=2,861) | Wave 2 (n=2,258) | Wave 3 (n=1, 1,876) | Wave 4 (n=1,674) | Wave 5 (n=1,167) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Memory scores (0–6) | |||||
| Education categories | |||||
| 0 years | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 0.0 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
| 1–3 years | 5.2 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.5 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 |
| 4–6 years | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 4.8 ± 0.0 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.4 ± 0.1 |
| 7–11 years | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 |
| 12+ years | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 4.8 ± 0.2 |
| P-values | <.0001 | 0.0013 | 0.1439 | 0.0254 | 0.0001 |
| Language at interview | |||||
| English | 5.1 ± 0.0 | 5.0 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 3.9 ± 0.1 |
| Spanish | 5.3 ± 0.0 | 5.2 ± 0.0 | 4.8 ± 0.0 | 4.7 ± 0.0 | 4.4 ± 0.1 |
| P-values | 0.0022 | 0.0023 | 0.0035 | <.0001 | 0.0004 |
| No-memory scores (0–24) | |||||
| Education categories | |||||
| 0 years | 16.4 ± 0.2 | 15.7 ± 0.2 | 15.0 ± 0.2 | 13.2 ± 0.4 | 11.9 ± 0.5 |
| 1–3 years | 18.4 ± 0.1 | 17.2 ± 0.2 | 16.9 ± 0.2 | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 14.7 ± 0.4 |
| 4–6 years | 19.9 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 0.1 | 18.5 ± 0.2 | 15.9 ± 0.3 | 16.8 ± 0.3 |
| 7–11 years | 21.4 ± 0.2 | 20.2 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.2 | 17.3 ± 0.4 | 18.7 ± 0.5 |
| 12+ years | 22.3 ± 0.2 | 21.5 ± 0.3 | 21.1 ± 0.3 | 18.4 ± 0.5 | 19.7 ± 0.6 |
| P-values | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0002 |
| Language at interview | |||||
| English | 19.0 ± 0.1 | 17.7 ± 0.2 | 15.8 ± 0.2 | 13.8 ± 0.4 | 14.4 ± 0.4 |
| Spanish | 19.5 ± 0.1 | 18.3 ± 0.1 | 17.3 ± 0.1 | 15.9 ± 0.2 | 16.4 ± 0.2 |
| P-values | 0.0020 | 0.0086 | 0.0038 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Total MMSE scores (0–30) | |||||
| Education categories | |||||
| 0 years | 21.6 ± 0.2 | 20.9 ± 0.2 | 19.8 ± 0.3 | 17.4 ± 0.4 | 15.9 ± 0.6 |
| 1–3 years | 23.6 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 0.2 | 21.6 ± 0.2 | 18.7 ± 0.4 | 18.9 ± 0.4 |
| 4–6 years | 25.1 ± 0.1 | 23.7 ± 0.2 | 23.3 ± 0.2 | 20.3 ± 0.3 | 21.2 ± 0.4 |
| 7–11 years | 26.8 ± 0.2 | 25.6 ± 0.2 | 24.7 ± 0.3 | 21.7 ± 0.5 | 23.4 ± 0.6 |
| 12+ years | 27.8 ± 0.3 | 26.9 ± 0.3 | 26.1 ± 0.4 | 23.0 ± 0.6 | 24.5 ± 0.7 |
| P-values | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 | 0.0001 |
| Language at interview | |||||
| English | 24.1 ± 0.2 | 22.8 ± 0.2 | 20.1 ± 0.2 | 17.7 ± 0.5 | 18.3 ± 0.6 |
| Spanish | 24.8 ± 0.1 | 23.6 ± 0.1 | 21.4 ± 0.1 | 20.3 ± 0.2 | 20.8 ± 0.2 |
| P-values | 0.0005 | 0.0043 | <.0001 | <.0001 | <.0001 |
*
Adjusted for age, gender, education, and language at interview. Data are means ± standard error. P-values are testing differences on adjusted means of memory and no-memory domains and total MMSE across education or language at interview categories at each wave. MMSE=Mini-Mental State Examination.