Table 5.

Multivariable proportional hazards regression analyses for patients diagnosed with synchronous metastatic rectal cancer in the south of the Netherlands, 1992–2008

	Model 1, not adjusted for treatmenta		Model 2, adjusted for treatmenta
	HR	P-value	HR	P-value
Period of diagnosis
1992–1999	1.8	<0.0001	1.5	<0.0001
2000–2004	1.3	0.0005	1.3	0.003
2005–2008b	1.0		1.0
Age (years)
<70b	1.0		1.0
70+	1.4	<0.0001	1.2	0.009
Gender
Malesb	1.0		1.0
Females	1.0	0.5	1.1	0.3
Comorbidity
No comorbidityb	1.0		1.0
One comorbid condition	1.0	0.7	1.1	0.6
Two or more comorbid conditions	1.2	0.03	1.2	0.09
Depth of penetration, primary tumour
T1,2	0.6	0.004	0.6	0.004
T3b	1.0		1.0
T4	1.2	0.01	1.4	0.0006
Nodal status
N0	0.7	0.0002	0.7	0.0002
N1,2b	1.0		1.0
Localisation of metastases
Liver onlyb	1.0		1.0
Other	0.9	0.006	0.9	0.02
Chemotherapy use
Nob			1.0
Yes			0.5	<0.0001
Metastasectomy
Nob			1.0
Yes			0.5	<0.0001
Resection of primary tumour
Nob			1.0
Yes			0.3	0.07
Radiotherapy directed at primary tumour
Nob			1.0
Yes			0.7	<0.0001
Radiotherapy directed at metastases
Nob			1.0
Yes			1.2	0.2

^aAdjusted for all listed variables including socio-economic status and anatomic sublocalisation (rectosigmoid junction vs. rectum)

^bReference category