Table 1. Univariate all-cause and cause-specific hospitalization rate ratios (RRs) for continuous travel time variables and categorical covariates among children less than 5 years of age admitted to Kilifi District Hospital, Kilifi district, Kenya, 2004–2006.
| Variable | RR (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| All admissions | Pneumonia | Suspected meningitis | |
| Travel time | |||
| Pedestrian (60 m) | 0.79 (0.76–0.84) | 0.79 (0.76–0.82) | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) |
| Vehicular (30 m) | 0.73 (0.68–0.79) | 0.72 (0.67–0.77) | 0.77 (0.70–0.84) |
| Sex (baseline: Female) | |||
| Male | 1.22 (1.15–1.30) | 1.17 (1.06–1.28) | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) |
| Ethnic group (baseline: Giriama) | |||
| Chonyi | 0.63 (0.49–0.82) | 0.61 (0.47–0.77) | 0.66 (0.53–0.84) |
| Kauma | 0.93 (0.73–1.20) | 0.88 (0.70–1.11) | 0.93 (0.71–1.22) |
| Luo | 1.13 (0.81–1.58) | 1.07 (0.73–1.60) | 1.23 (0.79–1.93) |
| Duruma | 0.70 (0.50–0.98) | 0.76 (0.53–1.11) | 0.71 (0.47–1.08) |
| Jibana | 0.51 (0.36–0.71) | 0.59 (0.37–0.95) | 0.61 (0.34–1.11) |
| Other | 1.02 (0.82–1.29) | 0.99 (0.78–1.28) | 0.93 (0.74–1.17) |
| Maternal educationa (baseline: < 0.5) | |||
| 0.5 to < 0.6 | 0.58 (0.33–1.02) | 0.59 (0.33–1.06) | 0.59 (0.35–1.03) |
| 0.6 to < 0.7 | 0.62 (0.35–1.12) | 0.68 (0.13–1.31) | 0.62 (0.36–1.06) |
| ≥ 0.7 | 1.21 (0.81–1.82) | 1.39 (0.90–2.16) | 0.95 (0.58–1.55) |
| Migrant status (baseline: non-migrant) | |||
| Migrant | 0.87 (0.80–0.96) | 0.85 (0.75–0.97) | 0.91 (0.76–1.07) |
| Season (baseline: dry) | |||
| Rainy | 0.83 (0.78–0.88) | 0.75 (0.70–0.81) | 0.82 (0.73–0.92) |
| Year (baseline: 2004) | |||
| 2005 | 0.85 (0.81–0.91) | 0.75 (0.68–0.83) | 0.76 (0.69–0.85) |
| 2006 | 1.10 (1.01–1.20) | 1.01 (0.89–1.16) | 1.06 (0.93–1.21) |
CI, confidence interval.
a Categories represent the proportion of women with any education in a child’s sublocation of residence.